Milestone Review Part 2 66what Is the Difference Between Haploid and Diploid
There are two types of cells in the body - haploid cells and diploid cells. The difference between haploid and diploid cells is related to the number of chromosomes that the cell contains.
Comparing chart
| Diploid | Haploid | |
|---|---|---|
| Nearly | Diploid cells contain two complete sets (2n) of chromosomes. | Haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes (due north) as diploid - i.e. a haploid prison cell contains simply ane complete prepare of chromosomes. |
| Cell Division and Growth | Diploid cells reproduce by mitosis making daughter cells that are exact replicas. | Haploid cells are a result of the procedure of meiosis, a blazon of cell division in which diploid cells divide to give rise to haploid germ cells. A haploid prison cell volition merge with another haploid prison cell at fertilization. |
| Examples | Skin, blood, muscle cells (also known every bit somatic cells) | Cells used in sexual reproduction, sperm and ova (also known as Gametes). |
Brief Introduction to the Chromosome
A chromosome is a double-helix structure that houses DNA and poly peptide in cells. Information technology is a strand of Deoxyribonucleic acid that contains genes establish in living organisms. Information technology also contains proteins, which help packet the Deoxyribonucleic acid and control its functions. A homologous chromosome is a chromosome pair of the same length, centromere position, and staining blueprint with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci (location).
Definition
Since ploidy refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in a biological cell, a cell containing two sets of chromosomes comes to be known as a diploid cell. Humans have a total of 23 pairs of chromosomes, which brings it to a full of 46. (23 X two) 20 ii of these pairs are autosomal in nature, i.e. they lend non-sexual characteristics while the last pair is known every bit the sex chromosome. A haploid prison cell, on the other hand, is that cell which contains merely ane set of chromosomes in it. Haploid cells are found in various algae, various male person bees, wasps and ants. Haploid cells should not be confused with monoploid cells as the monoploid number refers to the number of unique chromosomes in one biological jail cell.
Meiosis
All beast cells have a fixed number of chromosomes in their body cells which exist in homologous pairs (2n). Each pair of chromosomes consists of 1 chromosome from the mother and the second from the begetter. During the process of meiosis (cell sectionalization for sexual reproduction), the sex cells split to produce "gametes", which contain only one set of the chromosomes (n). Thus cell division in meiosis is different from mitosis, where a prison cell divides into 2 identical "daughter" cells.
When the male person and female gametes fuse during fertilization and zygote formation, the chromosome number is restored to 2n again. Thus, diploid cells are those which contain a complete set (or 2n number) of chromosomes whereas haploid cells are those that take half the number of chromosomes (or n) in the nucleus. In institute cells, the haploid or n phase constitutes a big office of the life cycle.
Which Cells are Haploid?
Gametes or germ cells are haploid cells (instance: sperm and ova) containing only 1 set (or n) number of chromosomes and autosomal or somatic cells are diploid cells containing 2n number of chromosomes. The number of chromosomes (n) differs in different organisms. In humans a complete set (2n) comprises of 46 chromosomes.
Jail cell Division and Growth
Haploid cells are a result of the process of meiosis, a type of reductional cell division in which diploid cells divide to give rise to haploid germ cells or spores. During meiosis, a diploid germ cell divides to give rise to iv haploid cells in two rounds of jail cell partition. This process does not occur in organisms (example bacteria) that reproduce via asexual processes like binary fission.
Haploid cells beingness produced via the procedure of meiosis. Note how each cell ends up having one-half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
During the process of reproduction, haploid cells (male and female) unite to form a diploid zygote. Jail cell growth is the event of mitosis; information technology is a process by which mother cells divide to give ascent to identical daughter cells with equal number of chromosomes. This process differs slightly in different types of cells, beast cells undergoing "open" mitosis with the breakup of nuclear membrane, whereas organisms similar fungi and yeast undergo airtight mitosis with an intact nuclear membrane.
Ploidy
Ploidy is the consummate set of chromosomes in a cell. In humans most somatic cells are in a diploid state and but switch to a haploid state in gametes or sexual practice cells. In algae and fungi cells switch betwixt a haploid and diploid state over the length of their life bike (known every bit alternation of generation), and are in a haploid state during the principle phase of their life cycle.
Polyploidy refers to a land where multiple sets of chromosomes are present. This is commonly seen in plant cells but not in animal cells.
Examples
A spermatogonium (primordial germ cell) is a good example of a diploid cell.
In animals, haploid cells are institute in the sex cells. Male bees, wasps, and ants are haploid because of the way they develop: from unfertilized, haploid eggs.
Video explaining the differences
These videos explain the differences between haploid and diploid cells:
This video from Khan Academy explains the concepts in more detail:
References
- Diploid Cell - Near.com Education
- Wikipedia: Chromosome
- Wikipedia: Ploidy
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